Lesson 1: Foundations of Health Communication

Understanding Health Literacy

• What is Health Literacy? It’s the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions.  

• Why is it important?
  • Low health literacy is linked to poorer health outcomes, including:
    • Higher hospitalization rates
    • Less frequent preventative care
    • Poorer management of chronic diseases
    • Increased mortality risk
  • Impacts ability to navigate the healthcare system, understand medical instructions, and make informed health choices
  • Affects people of all ages, backgrounds, and education levels, but disproportionately affects marginalized groups

Identifying Barriers to Communication

• Jargon & Complex Terminology:

  • Medical terms can be confusing and intimidating
  • Using simple, everyday language is crucial for clear communication

• Cultural Differences:

  • Beliefs, values, and practices around health can vary across cultures
  • Sensitivity and awareness of cultural differences are key

• Low Literacy Levels:

  • Affects comprehension of written materials and instructions
  • Using visuals, plain language, and other communication aids is important

• Other Barriers:

  • Limited English proficiency
  • Sensory impairments (hearing or vision loss)
  • Cognitive impairments
  • Lack of access to information
  • Fear or mistrust of the healthcare system

Building Trust and Credibility

• Accuracy & Fact-Checking:

  • Double-check all information, especially statistics & medical claims
  • Use reputable sources (e.g., WHO, Ghana Health Service)
  • Correct errors promptly & transparently

• Transparency & Objectivity:

  • Disclose any conflicts of interest
  • Avoid sensationalism or fearmongering
  • Present balanced information, including potential risks & benefits

• Sensitivity & Respect:

  • Use person-first language (e.g., “person with diabetes” instead of “diabetic”)
  • Avoid stigmatizing language
  • Respect patient privacy and confidentiality

• Building Relationships:

  • Cultivate relationships with health experts and community organizations
  • Engage with your audience & respond to their questions/concerns

• Going Beyond the Basics:

  • Explain complex medical concepts in easy-to-understand language
  • Use visuals (infographics, diagrams) to aid understanding
  • Provide context & background information to help people make sense of the news

Additional Notes for Journalists:

• Consider your audience: Tailor your communication style and language to the specific audience you’re trying to reach
• Use storytelling: Personal narratives can make health information more relatable and engaging
• Be a health literacy advocate: Promote health literacy in your community through your reporting and other initiatives

Remember: Effective health communication is about empowering people to take control of their health. By understanding the principles of health literacy, journalists can play a crucial role in promoting public health and well-being.